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Primary Sources:
Most of the directly relevant primary material - vitae of Becket and collected
correspondence - may be found in the original languages in: Materials for the
History of Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury. Edited by J. C. Robertson (Volumes
I - VI) and J. B. Sheppard (Volume VII). London: Rolls Series, 1875-85.
The Rolls Series also goes under the name Rerum Britannicarum Medii Aevi
Scriptores. The Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury comprise
volume 67 of that series, in 7 parts. Hereafter referred to as MHTB.
English translations of many documents relating to this period of English history,
including many Becket documents, may be found in English Historical Documents, volume
II: 1042-1189. Edited by David C. Douglas and George W. Greenaway. 2nd
edition. London and New York: Oxford, 1981. Hereafter referred to as EHD II.
Authors of Lives (Vitae) of Thomas Becket:
It is important to remember that all of the contemporary lives of Becket were written
after his martyrdom, and so naturally that event had a great influence on the authors.
- Alan of Tewkesbury: MHTB vol. II. Also printed as Alan of Tewkesbury.
Alani
prioris cantuariensis postae abbatis tewkesberiensis scripta quae extant.
New
York: B. Franklin, 1967.
- Anonymous I: MHTB vol. IV.
- Anonymous II "of Lambeth": MHTB vol. IV.
- Anonymous III, "Lansdowne": MHTB vol. IV.
- Benedict of Peterborough: Passio Sancti Thomae Canutariensis.
MHTB
ii. Also Benedicti Abbatis Petriburgensis de vita et miraculis S. Thomae Cantuar.
The life and miracles of Saint Thomas of Canterbury. Caxton Society
Publications. New York: B. Franklin, 1967.
- Benet of St Albans: Chronique des ducs de Normandie.
Edited by F.
Michel. Documents inedits sur l'histoire de France, iii. 461-509,
619-25. Paris, 1889.
- Benoit: see Benet of St Albans.
- Edward Grim: Vita S. Thomae, Cantuariensis Archiepiscopis et Martyris.
MHTB vol. II. Klingbeil, Mary Ewald. "An Annotated Translation of the
Life of St. Thomas Becket by Edward Grim (part one)." M.A. thesis, Loyola
University Chicago, 1947.
- Garnier: see Guernes of Pont-Sainte-Maxence
- Guernes of Pont-Sainte-Maxence: Guernes de
Pont-Saint-Maxence. La vie de
saint Thomas Becket, edite par Emmanuel Walberg. Les classiques francais du
moyen age 77. Paris: H. Champion, 1936. English translation: Shirley,
Janet. Garnier's Becket: translated from the 12th-century Vie saint Thomas le
martyr de Cantorbire of Garnier of Pont-Sainte-Maxence. London:
Phillimore,
1975.
- Herbert of Bosham: Vita Sancti Thomae, Archiepiscopi et Martyris.
MHTB vol. III. Also Horback, Mary Imelda. "An annotated translation of
the life of St. Thomas Becket by Herbert Bosham (part one)." M.A. thesis,
Loyola University of Chicago, 1945. Fisher, M. Ann Kathleen. "An
annotated translation of the life of St. Thomas Becket by Herbert Bosham (part
two)." M.A. thesis, Loyola University of Chicago, 1947.
- John of Salisbury: Not all of John's works deal with Becket, but he was an
intimate of the archbishop, and perhaps the most learned man in England in his day.
- Vita Sancti Thomae Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi et
Martyris. MHTB vol. II.
- Entheticus: Entheticus de dogmate philosophorum.
Edited and
translated by Jan van Laarhoven. Leiden and New York: Brill, 1987.
- Historia Pontificalis: Memoirs of the Papal Court.
Edited and
translated by Marjorie Chibnall. London: Nelson, 1955.
- Letters: The Letters of John of Salisbury.
Edited and translated by
W. J. Millor and H. C. Butler; revised by C. N. L. Brooke. 2 volumes.
Oxford
Medieval Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955, 1979.
- Metalogicon: The Metalogicon:
a Twelfth Century Defense of the Verbal and
Logical Arts of the Trivium. Translated by Daniel D. McGarry.
Berkeley: University of California, 1955.
- Policraticus:
- Policraticus, sive De nugis curialium et vestigiis philosophorum libri VIII.
Edited by C. C. J. Webb.
- Frivolities of courtiers and Footprints of Philosophers, being a translation of the
first, second and third books and selections from the seventh and eighth books of the
Policraticus of John of Salisbury. Translated by Joseph D. Pike.
Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1938.
- The Statesman's Book of John of Salisbury:
being the fourth, fifth and sixth
books, and selections from the seventh and eighth books of the Policraticus.
Translated by John Dickinson. New York: Russell & Russell, 1963.
- Policraticus: Of the Frivolities of Courtiers and the Footprints of
Philosophers. Edited and translated by Cary J. Nederman.
Cambridge: CUP, 1990.
- Lansdowne Anonymous: see Anonymous III
Quadrilogus:
- Robert of Cricklade: His Vita has been lost, but it has been reconstructed from
its uses by others authors. Orme, M. "A reconstrcution of Robert of
Cricklade's Vita et Miracula S. Thomae Cantuariensis." Analecta Bollandiana
84 (1966) 379-98.
- Thómas Saga Erkibyskups: Edited by E.
Magnusson. Rolls Series. London, 1875-83.
- William of Canterbury: Vita et Passio S. Thomae.
MHTB vol. I. Bocke, Mary Annette. "An Annotated Translation of the Life of Saint Thomas, the
Archbishop of Canterbury by William, a Monk of Canterbury." M.A. thesis, Loyola
University Chicago, 1946.
- William Fitz Stephen: Vita Sancti
Thomae, Cantuariensis Archiepiscopis et
Martyris. MHTB vol. III. Gourde, Leo T. "An Annotated
Translation of the Life of St. Thomas Becket by William Fitzstephen."
M.A.
thesis, Loyola University Chicago, 1943. Greenaway, George William.
The
Life and Death of Thomas Becket, Chancellor of England and Archbishop of Canterbury: Based
on the Account of William fitzStephen, his clerk, with Additions from Other Contemporary
Sources. London: Folio Society, 1961.
Other Primary Sources for Events in Later Twelfth-Century
England
- Arnulf of Lisieux: The Letters of Arnulf of Lisieux.
Edited by Frank
Barlow. Royal Historical Society, Camden 3rd series lxi. 1939.
Translated by Carolyn Poling Schriber. The Letter Collections of Arnulf of
Lisieux. Texts and Studies in Religion Volume 72. Lewiston, NY:
Edwin Mellen, 1997.
- Becket, Thomas. Acts: English Episcopal Acta II, Canterbury 1162-1190.
Edited by C. R. Cheney and B. E. A. Jones. 1986.
- Councils and Synods with Other Documents Relating to the English Church, Volume
I: A.D. 871-1204. Edited by D. Whitelock, M. Brett, C. N. L.
Brooke. Part II 1066-1204. 1981.
- Eadmer: The Life of St. Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury. Edited and
Translated by R. W. Southern. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962.
- Gervase of Canterbury: Actus Pontificum and Chronica.
In Historical
Works. Edited by William Stubbs. Rolls Series. London, 1879-80.
- Gilbert Foliot: The Letters and Charters of Gilbert Foliot.
Edited by
A. Morey and C. N. L. Brooke. 1967.
- Ralph Diceto: Radulphi de Diceto Opera Historica.
Edited by William
Stubbs. Rolls Series. London: 1876.
- Ralph of Diss: see Ralph Diceto
- Robert de Monte: see Robert de Torigni
- Robert of Torigni (Robert de Monte): Chronicle.
In Chronicles of
the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II and Richard I, volume IV. Edited by R.
Howlett. Rolls Series. London, 1889.
- Roger of Howden (Hovedene): The Annals of Roger de Hoveden.
Translated by Henry T. Riley. 2 volumes. London: Bohn, 1853.
- William of Newburgh: Historia.
In Chronicles of the Reigns of
Stephen, Henry II and Richard I, volume I. Edited by R. Howlett.
Rolls
Series. London, 1884.
- Giles, John Allen. Anecdota Bedae,
Lanfranci, et aliorum. Inedited
tracts, letters, poems, etc., of Venerable Bede, Lanfranc, Tatwin, and others, by the Rev.
Dr. Giles. Caxton Society Publications: Burt Franklin Research &
Source Works Series, #154. New York, B. Franklin, 1967.
Secondary Sources
- Catholic Encyclopedia:
St
Thomas Becket : Note that this article was written in 1913; its bibliography is
therefore well out of date.
- Abbott, Edwin A. St. Thomas of Canterbury: His Death and Miracles.
2
volumes. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1898.
- Alexander, J. W. "The Becket controversy in recent
historiography." The Journal of British Studies 9:2 (1970) 1-26.
- Backhouse, Janet and Christopher de Hamel.
The Becket Leaves. London: British Library, 1988.
- Barlow, Frank. The English Church, 1066-1154. Barlow, Frank.
Thomas
Becket. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986. The most recent
scholarly biography of Becket, it includes a useful discussion of the primary sources and
their relationship to one another.
- Baronio, Cesare. The Life or the Ecclesiasticall Historie of S. Thomas,
Archbishope of Canterbury. 1639; reprinted Ilkley: Scolar Press, 1975.
- Borenius, Tancred. St. Thomas Becket in Art.
Port Washington, N.Y.,
Kennikat Press, 1970.
- Brooks, Nicholas. The Early History of the Church of Canterbury.
Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1984.
- Brown, Paul Alonzo. The Development of the Legend of Thomas Becket. Ph.D.
Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1930.
- Butler, John. The Quest for Becket's Bones:
The Mystery of the Relics of
St Thomas Becket of Canterbury. New Haven and London: Yale, 1995.
- Cheney, C. R. From Becket to Langton.
Manchester: Manchester
University Press, 1956.
- Cheney, M. "William fitzStephen and his Life of Archbishop
Thomas." Church and Government in the Middle Ages. Edited by C. N.
L. Brooke et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
- Duggan, Alfred Leo. The Falcon and the Dove: a Life of Thomas Becket of
Canterbury. New York: Pantheon Books, 1966. For younger readers.
- Duggan, Alfred Leo. Thomas Becket of Canterbury.
London: Faber
and Faber, 1952.
- Duggan, Alfred Leo. My Life for My Sheep.
New York, 1955.
- Duggan, Anne. Thomas Becket: A Textual History of His Letters.
Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980.
- Duggan, A. "The cult of St Thomas Becket in the thirteenth
century." In St Thomas Cantilupe Bishop of Hereford.
Edited by M. Jancey. Hereford, 1982; pp. 21-44.
- Duggan, Charles. Canon Law in Medieval England:
the Becket Dispute and
Decretal Collections. London: Variorum, 1982.
- Eyton, R. W. Court, Household and Itinerary of King Henry II.
1878.
- Farmer, David Hugh. Saint Hugh of Licoln. London: Darton, Longman & Todd,
1985.
- Foreville, Raymonde. L'eglise et la royaute en Angleterre sous Henri II
Plantagenet (1154-1189). Paris: Blond & Gay, 1943.
- Foreville, Raymonde. Le jubile de saint Thomas Becket: du XIIIe au XVe
siecle,
1220-1470, etude et documents. Paris: S.E.V.P.E.N., 1958.
- Foreville, Raymonde, ed. Thomas Becket: actes du colloque international de
Sedieres, 19-24 aout 1973. Paris: Beauchesne, 1975.
- Foreville, Raymonde. Thomas Becket dans la tradition historique et hagiographique.
London: Variorum Reprints, 1981.
- Franklin, Robert. Thomas Becket and France.
Canterbury: William Urry
Memorial Trust, 1991.
- Halphen, L. "Les Entrevues des rois Louis VII et Henri II durant l'exil de
Thomas Becket en France." Mélanges Charles Bémont.
Paris, 1913.
- Hearn, M. F. "Canterbury Cathedral and the Cult of Becket."
The
Art Bulletin 76 (March 1994): 19-52.
- Hutton, W. H. S. Thomas of Canterbury.
2nd edition. London: D. Nutt, 1899.
- Brooke, C. N. L. and Gillian Keir. London, 800-1216.
1975.
- Knowles, David. Thomas Becket.
London: A. &. C. Black,
1970.
- Knowles, David. "Archbishop Thomas Becket:
A character
study." Proceedings of the British Academy 35 (1977).
- Knowles, David. The Episcopal Colleagues of Archbishop Thomas Becket.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry. St. Hugh of Lincoln: Lectures Delivered at Oxford and
Lincoln to Celebrate the Eighth Century of St. Hugh's Consecretation as Bishop of Lincoln.
Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry. "Henry II and the papacy."
Journal of
Ecclesiastical History 16 (1965).
- Morris, John. The Life and Martyrdom of Saint Thomas Becket, Archbishop of
Canterbury and Legate of the Holy See. London: Longman, 1859.
- Norgate, Kate. England under the Angevin Kings.
2 volumes. London & New York: Macmillan, 1887.
- Radford, Lewis B. Thomas of London before His Consecration.
1894.
- Robertson, J. C. "On the kindred of Archbishop Becket."
Archaeologia
Cantiana 10 (1876) 16ff.
- Saltman, Avrom. Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury.
London: University of London, Athlone Press, 1956.
- Sheerin, D. "Gervase of Chichester and Thomas Becket."
Mediaeval
Studies 38 (1976).
- Short, Ian. "The Patronage of Beneit's Vie de Thomas Becket."
Medium Aevum 56 (1987) 239-256.
- Smalley, Beryl. The Becket Conflict and the Schools.
Totowa, N.
J.: Rowan & Littlefield, 1973.
- Stanley, Arthur P. Historical Memorials of Canterbury.
London: Anson D.F. Randolph and Co., 1912.
- Taylor, A. J. "Edward I and the shrine of St Thomas of
Canterbury." Journal of the British Archaeological Association 132
(1979).
- Tout, Thomas Frederick. "The place of St Thomas of Canterbury in
History." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, Manchester 6 (1921-2)
235-65.
- Urry, W. Canterbury under the Angevin Kings.
London; Athlone
Press, 1967.
- Walberg, Emmanuel. La tradition hagiographique de Saint Thomas Becket avant la
fin du 12e siécle: Études critiques. Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, 1975.
- Ward, Benedicta. Miracles and the Medieval Mind:
Theory, Record and
Event, 1000-1215. Rev. ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania,
1987.
- Warren, W. L. Henry II. Berkeley:
University of California,
1973.
- Wilks, M., editor. The World of John of Salisbury.
Studies in Church
History, subsidia 3. 1984.
- Willis, Robert. The Architectural History of Canterbury Cathedral.
London: Longman, 1845.
- Winston, Richard. Thomas Becket.
London: Constable, 1967.
- Woodman, Francis. The Architectural History of Canterbury Cathedral.
London: Routledge, 1981.
Literature, Film & Music
- Anouilh, Jean. Becket, or the Honour of God (play).
Originally
published in French as Becket, ou, L'Honneur de Dieu.
- Eliot, T. S. Murder in the Cathedral (play).
1935.
- Becket.
(Film). Directed by Peter Glenville. Starring Richard Burton (Becket), Peter O'Toole (Henry
II). 1964. Based on Anouilh's play. Great film, poor history:
its
chief inaccuracy lies in insisting that Becket was a Saxon, when in fact both his parents
were Norman.
- Goldman, James. The Lion in Winter.
(play) Not actually about
Becket, but about Henry II and his family. Also made into a film.
- The Lion in Winter.
(Film). Directed by Anthony Harvey. Screenplay by James Goldman, based on his
play. Starring Peter O'Toole (Henry II), Katharine Hepburn (Eleanor of Aquitaine),
Anthony Hopkins (Richard the Lionheart). 1968.
- Memory of Thomas Becket. Schola
Hungarica. Hungaroton Compact Disc,
HCD 12458-2. 1988. Recording of liturgical music connected with the
celebration of Becket's officium.
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