REVIEW SHEET EMERGING NATIONS: LATIN AMERICA
pp. 838-845

1.  Focus Question: How has Latin American nations attempted to end its dependence upon foreign investment?
Before WW II, Latin America had been economically dependent upon which foreign countries? When did Latin America become an arena for US and Soviet confrontation? Who financed attempts to expand the industrial base and agricultural production and what were the results? What is the underlying character of Latin American economies? What is the single most dominant social characteristic of Latin America?  The Latin American middle class has tended to support what type of political institution?  why?  How has the roles of the military and Roman Catholic church changed in the postwar period? How has Latin America changed since the 1980s?

2. Focus Question: How successful have revolutionary challenges to the status quo been in Latin America?
In what countries of L.A. have major attempts to create genuinely revolutionary change taken place? What did they have in common?  How did the U.S. react to these changes?  What was the attitude of the Cuban Revolution toward an industrial economic model of development?  What is Cuba's primary agricultural product?  Why didn't Cuba attained economic independence?  What has accounted for the shortage of everyday consumer goods in Cuba?  What role has Cuba played in international communism since 1959? What goal did the U.S. pursue in L.A. by supporting authoritarian governments?

3. Focus Question:  How have various countries attempted to address internal social and political discontent?
Which country had been the most enduring model of parliamentary democracy in L.A. until the 1970s?  What did Salvador Allende attempt to do in Chile? What was the attitude of the middle class and the US government? By whom was he overthrown, and how was Chile ruled for the next 15 years?  How did the Somoza family manage to rule Nicaragua for so long? How did Sandinista rule come to an end in Nicaragua? What was the result of the Argentine government's attempt to seize the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) from Britain?  What tactic did the Argentine military use to repress social dissension? How democratic is Argentine today? In Brazil, what type of economic development did the military opt for after 1964?  What is perhaps the single most important national problem facing the Brazilian government?  What fear has prompted so many members of the middle class in both Brazil and Argentine to support repressive authoritarian governments? What was the single most important economy development in Mexico between 1977-1983? How faithful has the Mexican government been to the promises of the 1911 revolution? What was Carlos Salinas' economic policy in Mexico? What were the result?

4. Focus Question:  What are the sources of hope and discouragement for a true process of  global democratization?
What are the most striking features of Latin American history over the last four decades?  What type of governments did most of Latin Ameria have from the late 1940s through the 1970s?  Which nation is the largest democracy in the world?  What factors have help contribute to the rise of democratic governments throughout the world?  What antidemocratic pressures continue to assault the process of democratization, especially in the Eastern Europe? 

 

liberation theology
Bay of Pigs invasion
Fidel Castro
General Augusto Pinochet
Sandinista
contra guerilla movement
democratization