REVIEW SHEET 38	EMERGING NATIONS OF AFRICA, MIDDLE EAST AND ASIA
pp. 838-860

1. Focus Question: What factors contributed to decolonization and what problems did these new countries face?

What two distinct developments have occured in the postcolonial world since 1945? What three kinds of relationships between the emerging nations and the Western powers can be noted? What have been the dominate notes of post-war history throughtout Africa, the Middle East, Iran, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia? ? What is indicated by the massive difficulties and frequent instability of emerging African states? What is the most common problem faced by all emerging nations? When did African nationalism begin, and what was the catalyst for African nationalism? From 1960 to 1980, how was the transfer to power from European to native rulers generally achieved? What factors have led to instability in Africa? How successful have efforts been to redraw the colonial boundaries? Which state is the most populous state in Africa? What caused the Biafrian war and what were its results? What has been the fate of Nigeria since the war? How did the white minority attempt to hold on to power in South Africa? How did the international community react to apartheid in South Africa? When and how did South Africa achieve a truly democratic government? What major problems does South Africa face? What challenge do African nations face in the twenty-first century?

2. Focus Question: What forces have shaped the Middle East and North Africa since WWII?

What six major developments have dominated the postwar history of the Middle East and North Africa? As Middle Eastern states became free of Western dominance, what problems have they had? What characteristics do they share? Which state represents a modernist republican experiment? Why did the Allied nations come to support the Zionist movement? How did the Jews win independence from the British mandate? What solution did the United Nations offer in regards to Palestine? When was the state of Israel created and what were the results? How has Israel responded to guerrilla attacks and civilian resistance from Arabs? Which two Arab states signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994? What are the chief obstacles to peace? What impact has oil wealth had on the Arab world? In 1991, the United States and European nations formed a coalition with Arab countries for what purpose? What is the goal of "Islamist reformism?" To whom has the Islamist message been most receptive, why? Why has the twentieth century not produced an "ideal" Islamic state? In recent decades, what has given rise to the call of Islamist "jihad"? On what concept did both Reza Khan and Muhammad Reza seek to base their rule in Iran? How was the nationalist revolution of 1951 in Iran overturn? What forces led to the fall of the regime of Shah Muhammed Reza? Against which nation did Iran engage in a protracted war? What is the great challenge of the Muslim states of the former Soviet Union?

3. Focus Question: How has religion and anti-colonial sentiment continued to affect the South and Southeast Asia?

Where do over half of the world's Muslims live? What issue continues to foster conflict between India and Pakistan? Out of what country was Bangladeshi formed? What has hampered Pakistan's efforts to create a fully Islamic society and overcome its economic problems? What was India's political course during the Cold War? What was the fate of Indira Gandhi and her son Rajiv? What are the principal problems facing India?

decolonization
Biafran War
apartheid
Archbishop Desmond Tutu
independent homelands
Palestine Liberation Organization
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

1.	Focus Question: What factors contributed to decolonization and what problems did these new countries face?
	What two distinct developments have occured in the postcolonial world since 1945? What three kinds of relationships between the emerging nations and the Western powers can be noted? What have been the dominate notes of post-war history throughtout Africa, the Middle East, Iran, the Indian subcontinent, and Southeast Asia? ? What is indicated by the massive difficulties and frequent instability of emerging African states? What is the most common problem faced by all emerging nations? When did African nationalism begin, and what was the catalyst for African nationalism? From 1960 to 1980, how was the transfer to power from European to native rulers generally achieved? What factors have led to instability in Africa? How successful have efforts been to redraw the colonial boundaries? Which state is the most populous state in Africa? What caused the Biafrian war and what were its results? What has been the fate of Nigeria since the war? How did the white minority attempt to hold on to power in South Africa? How did the international community react to apartheid in South Africa? When and how did South Africa achieve a truly democratic government? What major problems does South Africa face? What challenge do African nations face in the twenty-first century?
2.	Focus Question: What forces have shaped the Middle East and North Africa since WWII?
	What six major developments have dominated the postwar history of the Middle East and North Africa? As Middle Eastern states became free of Western dominance, what problems have they had? What characteristics do they share? Which state represents a modernist republican experiment? Why did the Allied nations come to support the Zionist movement? How did the Jews win independence from the British mandate? What solution did the United Nations offer in regards to Palestine? When was the state of Israel created and what were the results? How has Israel responded to guerrilla attacks and civilian resistance from Arabs? Which two Arab states signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994? What are the chief obstacles to peace? What impact has oil wealth had on the Arab world? In 1991, the United States and European nations formed a coalition with Arab countries for what purpose? What is the goal of "Islamist reformism?" To whom has the Islamist message been most receptive, why? Why has the twentieth century not produced an "ideal" Islamic state? In recent decades, what has given rise to the call of Islamist "jihad"? On what concept did both Reza Khan and Muhammad Reza seek to base their rule in Iran? How was the nationalist revolution of 1951 in Iran overturn? What forces led to the fall of the regime of Shah Muhammed Reza? Against which nation did Iran engage in a protracted war? What is the great challenge of the Muslim states of the former Soviet Union?
3.	Focus Question: How has religion and anti-colonial sentiment continued to affect the South and Southeast Asia?
	Where do over half of the world's Muslims live? What issue continues to foster conflict between India and Pakistan? Out of what country was Bangladeshi formed? What has hampered Pakistan's efforts to create a fully Islamic society and overcome its economic problems? What was India's political course during the Cold War? What was the fate of Indira Gandhi and her son Rajiv? What are the principal problems facing India?