REVIEW SHEET 28 THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND THE END OF THE WAR
pp.  678-686

 
1. Focus Question: What was the fate of Russia due to WWI?
What prompted the Russian revolution?  What factors led to the fall of the Russian provisional government and the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks?  What measures did the Bolsheviks take upon coming to power?  Why did the Bolsheviks agree to such harsh terms in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?  When did the Bolsheviks finally become undisputed masters of the Russian empire?

2. Focus Question:  After near victory, Germany lost the war.  Why?  How did the peace sow the seeds for further conflict?
What military move did the Germans attempt following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?  When did the German High Command realize that "the end was imminent" and what measures did they take? Which party became the ruling party that signed the armistice that ended the war by accepting German defeat?  Why were German civilians surprised by surrender?  How many casualities on all sides were suffered during the War?   What impact did the war have of European self-confidence and belief in material and moral progress? To what extend was the old international order "dead"?

3. Focus Question:  What was the nature of the Peace Settlement at Paris? 
What obstacles existed to an "idealistic" peace without victors?  What were the varying national goals of the victorious Allies?  What appeared to be the greatest immediate threat to the international order following the defeat of Germany?  What two nations were excluded from the peace negotiations?  How was the principle of "national self-determination applied in the treaty?

4. Focus Question:  How did the peace provisionschange the political and social balance of power among the European states?
Which two nations were excluded from the peace conference? Why was President Wilson willing to make concessions against his principles? What was the purpose of the League of Nations?  What were its weaknesses? What provisions were made to "weaken" Germany's ability to wage a future war against France?  What territorial settlements were reached in Eastern Europe?  How did the Allies justify the huge reparation payments demanded of Germany?  What were the chief complaints of the various powers against the peace settlements of 1919? What was the tragedy of the Treaty of Versailles?  How had WWI permanently changed the world which had been formed during the period of 19th-century European imperialism?  Why would a glance at the map in 1919 give the impression that Britain and France were stronger than ever after the war?  Why would this impression be incorrect?


 

Clause 231 (War Guilt Clause)
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Leon Trotsky
soviets
White Russians
Red Russians
Italia Irrendenta