REVIEW SHEET 23	AFRICAN EXPERIENCE OF WESTERN EXPANSION (1800-1945)
pp. 683-693

1. Focus Question: How did Africa change during this period?

When did the majority of tropical and southern Africa come under colonial control? When did the mefcane occur? What were the probably causes of the mfecane? What were the results of the mfecane? How did the various peoples of southern Africa react to the Zulu militarism? What was the Great Trek? What brought about the ultimate demise of the Zulu empire? The peoples of East and Central Africa traded with what groups for what products? What religious movement made West Africa different from the rest of Africa? What was the fate of the West African kingdoms of Asante and Dahomey?

2. Focus Question: What religious movements marked this period in Africa and how did they change African and European relations?

What was the status of Islam in many West African Islamic states around 1800? What was the purpose of the jihad movements in sub-Saharan Africa? Among whom did these movements originate? How did these movements influence Africa? How long lasting was the influence of these jihad movements? Who was the Mahdi? What happened to the state that he built? Prior to the mid-19th century, what was the extent of European involvement in Africa? What was the pattern of European penetration of the interior of the continent? What is the main importance of the European explorers of Africa? Approximately how many Christian missionaries were in Africa by 1900? What positive benefits came to Africans as a result of the missionary activities? To what extent were their efforts negative?

3. Focus Question: How and why did the various European powers come to dominate African lands?

Why did Europeans desire to take over African lands? What made the takeover possible? What geographical structure made the interior of Africa unaccessible to navigation from the sea? How was this problem overcome? Which European country established the largest colonial empire in Africa? How did English administration differ from that of the French? Where did French colonial domination begin? Which African country successfully repelled European domination during the 19th century? How had was this possible? When did Germany lose its African colonies? How did Africans react to European domination? What factors brought an end to most foreign rule on African soil? What supplied the diverse peoples of a geographical area with a "national" sense? What model did the African nationalists use in their struggle for independence? When was this independence achieved for most of Africa? What was the general aim of nationalist and independence movements?

1.	Focus Question: How did Africa change during this period?
	When did the majority of tropical and southern Africa come under colonial control? When did the mefcane occur? What were the probably causes of the mfecane? What were the results of the mfecane? How did the various peoples of southern Africa react to the Zulu militarism? What was the Great Trek? What brought about the ultimate demise of the Zulu empire? The peoples of East and Central Africa traded with what groups for what products? What religious movement made West Africa different from the rest of Africa? What was the fate of the West African kingdoms of Asante and Dahomey?

2.	Focus Question: What religious movements marked this period in Africa and how did they change African and European relations?
	What was the status of Islam in many West African Islamic states around 1800? What was the purpose of the jihad movements in sub-Saharan Africa? Among whom did these movements originate? How did these movements influence Africa? How long lasting was the influence of these jihad movements? Who was the Mahdi? What happened to the state that he built? Prior to the mid-19th century, what was the extent of European involvement in Africa? What was the pattern of European penetration of the interior of the continent? What is the main importance of the European explorers of Africa? Approximately how many Christian missionaries were in Africa by 1900? What positive benefits came to Africans as a result of the missionary activities? To what extent were their efforts negative?

3.	Focus Question: How and why did the various European powers come to dominate African lands?
	Why did Europeans desire to take over African lands? What made the takeover possible? What geographical structure made the interior of Africa unaccessible to navigation from the sea? How was this problem overcome? Which European country established the largest colonial empire in Africa? How did English administration differ from that of the French? Where did French colonial domination begin? Which African country successfully repelled European domination during the 19th century? How had was this possible? When did Germany lose its African colonies? How did Africans react to European domination? What factors brought an end to most foreign rule on African soil? What supplied the diverse peoples of a geographical area with a "national" sense? What model did the African nationalists use in their struggle for independence? When was this independence achieved for most of Africa? What was the general aim of nationalist and independence movements?