REVIEW SHEET 21 LATIN AMERICA:  INDEPENDENCE TO THE 1940S
pp.  654-670
1. Focus Question:  What was the nature of Latin American social and economic life after the Wars of Independence?
Why has Latin America been less stable and prosperous than Europe and North America? Why did Latin Americas leaders seek to develop export economies?  Why was this decision unfortunate?  How did Latin America resemble the economies of Africa and Asia?  What was the condition of Latin America following the War of Independence? To which country did most Latin American governments look to for protection, markets and investment? What sources of discontent were not solved by independence?  What was the attitude of literate political or economic elites toward social reform? What were the limitations of civil equality after the wars of independence?  Which was the only country to experience a fundamental revolution before the 1950s?  What was the single most important factor in Latin American history during the first century of independence?  Where did most Latin Americans live during the 19th century?  From where did the liberals get new lands to expand the great estate system?  Which class dominated Latin America during the first half of the 19th century, how did this change in the latter half of the century?  What accounts for the remarkable growth in Latin American urban life during the second half of the 19th century?

2.  Focus Question:  How did Latin America's social and political structure reflect its economic system?
How did European liberalism express itself in the Latin American context?  Why did Latin Americans champion free trade?  What justification did Latin American liberals give for seizing Church and Indian lands?  Which European philosopher enjoyed the greatest prestige in L.A. during the 19th century?  How was "scientific racism" applied in L.A.  to justify the status quo?  How did the militaries tend to see their role in society?  How did Latin Americans pay for needed foreign imports and services?  Why was the method relatively successful?   What was the economic situation in Latin America after 1850? When was L.A.’s “golden age” of economic prosperity?  What type of goods did L.A. export?  For what purpose was the transport system in Latin American generally constructed?

3. Focus Question: How does Latin America's history define its present political and economic situation?
Why did L.A. have a false sense of economic security during the last part of the 19th c.?  Why did Latin America fail to industrialize in the late 19th century?  What major foreign power exercised economic influence over Latin America in the early decades of the 19th century and remained the dominant power until the turn of the century?  What factors relegated L.A. to a dependent trading partner after the 1920's?  What impact did the Great Depression have on Latin America?  When did the new economic era in Latin American begin, and what was its aim?  What role had industrialization played in Latin America's neo-colonial economy?  What type of manufacturing was done in L.A. prior to the 1950s? In what ways did the monarchical heritage of Latin America continue to survive after independence?  What was the real basis for the rule of the caudillos?

4. Focus Question: Why did many Latin American nations find it difficult to develop stable political regimes?
What political struggle defined early Argentine history?  When and how did Argentinia become prosperous?  What led to its economic decline and how has this resulted in political instability?  In what sense has Mexican history been defined by a struggle to complete the revolution of 1811 by Morelos and Hidalgo?  What changes did the revolutionary governments of twentieth century Mexico make?  How and why was Brazil different from other newly independent nations in Latin America?  What accounted for these differences?

 

neocolonial economy
caudillo
mestizos
mulattos
La Reforma
positivism
neocolonial economy
debt peonage
Lázaro Cádenas
The Paraguayan War of 1865-1870