REVIEW SHEET 19	JEWISH EMANCIPATION, LABOR AND SOCIALISM PRIOR TO WWI
pp. 632-637

1. Focus Question: How and when was Jewish Emancipation accomplished?

Who was the first ruler to grant Jews a more or less equal status under the law as Christians? When did Jews reach begun to acquire equal or nearly equal citizenship in Western Europe? What was their situation in Central and Eastern Europe at the same time? When were Jews allowed to sit in the British Parliament? Between 1850 and 1880 what was the situation of the Jews in the West? Why did anti-Semitic sentiments increase after the 1870s? Why did Zionism initially stay a minority movement in Jewish communities?

2. Focus Question: How did the work force change in the later part of the 19th century?

During the later part of the 19th century, which class of workers came to predominate? Prior to the union movement, were there any examples of big business attempting to provide some security for their employees? In what areas? Were these efforts adequate for the mass of workers? How did the attitude and goals of the workers change after mid century? Which workers were first organized in unions? What role did the unions initially play in politics? What was the condition of the unions by 1910? Did they contain a majority of workers? Which major European country did not grant workers universal manhood suffrage prior to WWI? What impact did the advent of democracy have on the political process?

3. Focus Question: What impact did Marx have on the development on socialism?

Which group was the single largest voting group under universal manhood suffrage? Why did Marx's analysis become so important? What impact did Marx and his doctrine have on the revolutions of 1848? How did Marx and Engels understand human history? Why did Marx believe that a proletarian revolution was inevitable? How and why would a proletarian revolution fundamentally change the nature of history? What was the dominant doctrine of the First International?

4. Focus Question: What were the different forms of socialism that appeared in Europe, and how were they similar and how were they different?

What development kept Marxist socialism alive? How did Bismarck attempt to undermine the influence of socialism in Germany? Why did Germany develop a policy of social welfare legislation? What was the major goal of the Erfurt Program of 1891? In his work Evolutionary Socialism, for what did Eduard Bernstein argue? Why did the SPD continue to advocate revolutionary change and what influence did it have on Russian socialists? What was the major problem for French socialists? What was the issue of "opportunism"? What was the attitude of the Amsterdam Congress of the Second International towards socialism, what was the result? How and why was the British Labour Party formed? British socialism was most influential among which group? What was the policy of the Fabian socialists?

1.	Focus Question: How and when was Jewish Emancipation accomplished?
	Who was the first ruler to grant Jews a more or less equal status under the law as Christians? When did Jews reach begun to acquire equal or nearly equal citizenship in Western Europe? What was their situation in Central and Eastern Europe at the same time? When were Jews allowed to sit in the British Parliament? Between 1850 and 1880 what was the situation of the Jews in the West? Why did anti-Semitic sentiments increase after the 1870s? Why did Zionism initially stay a minority movement in Jewish communities?

2.	Focus Question: How did the work force change in the later part of the 19th century?
	During the later part of the 19th century, which class of workers came to predominate? Prior to the union movement, were there any examples of big business attempting to provide some security for their employees? In what areas? Were these efforts adequate for the mass of workers? How did the attitude and goals of the workers change after mid century? Which workers were first organized in unions? What role did the unions initially play in politics? What was the condition of the unions by 1910? Did they contain a majority of workers? Which major European country did not grant workers universal manhood suffrage prior to WWI? What impact did the advent of democracy have on the political process?
3.	Focus Question: What impact did Marx have on the development on socialism?
	Which group was the single largest voting group under universal manhood suffrage? Why did Marx's analysis become so important? What impact did Marx and his doctrine have on the revolutions of 1848? How did Marx and Engels understand human history? Why did Marx believe that a proletarian revolution was inevitable? How and why would a proletarian revolution fundamentally change the nature of history? What was the dominant doctrine of the First International?
4.	Focus Question: What were the different forms of socialism that appeared in Europe, and how were they similar and how were they different?
	What development kept Marxist socialism alive? How did Bismarck attempt to undermine the influence of socialism in Germany? Why did Germany develop a policy of social welfare legislation? What was the major goal of the Erfurt Program of 1891? In his work Evolutionary Socialism, for what did Eduard Bernstein argue? Why did the SPD continue to advocate revolutionary change and what influence did it have on Russian socialists? What was the major problem for French socialists? What was the issue of "opportunism"? What was the attitude of the Amsterdam Congress of the Second International towards socialism, what was the result? How and why was the British Labour Party formed? British socialism was most influential among which group? What was the policy of the Fabian socialists?