| REVIEW SHEET 18 | NINETEENTH-CENTURY EUROPEAN WOMEN |
| pp. 623-632 |
| 1. | Focus Question: What role did women play in the early Industrial Revolution? |
| What three principle changes resulted in family and economic life in the nineteenth century due to the industrial economy? With which roles were men and women increasingly associated? Why were women and their labor deeply involved in the early Industrial Revolution? When did men replace women in spinning? How did new machinery in the 1820s change the workforce? What paradox resulted in the employment of women in the industrial economy? By mid-century, in Britain/France what area employed most women working outside the home? Why were working women so uncertain of employment? How did marriage patterns change during this period? What traditional practices associated with family economy survived into the industrial era? How did marriage change in an industrial wage economy? When and why did married women work outside the home? | |
| 2. | Focus Question: What social disabilities confronted all women during this period? |
| In what areas were women disadvantaged during this period? Until the last quarter of the 19th century how did the law treat women in relationship to owing property? Which country first allowed women to own property in their own right? How did legal codes disadvantage women? What grounds were most commonly used in Britain to grant divorces? In France, after 1884 what were the chief grounds for divorce? What rights in regards to children did men enjoy over women? What prevented women for acquiring a the qualifications they needed to enter a university the nineteenth century? By 1900, why did men in the educated elites opposed highly educated women? With what level of teaching were women identified? men identified? Why were many women reluctant to support feminist causes? | 3. | Focus Question: What two late nineteenth century developments affected the economic lives of women? |
| What new jobs were opened to women? What characteristics did these jobs tend to have in common? How did employers justify paying lower wages than men? Which group of women made up the bulk of the workforce? Why did women tend to withdraw from the workforce after marriage? What cultural attitude encouraged working-class women to withdraw for outside work? How was the structure of German clothing manufacture designed to protect investors? What exceptions contributed to making the position of working women so vulnerable? What relationship has been established between nineteenth-century prostitution and the economy of the period? How did the role of middle-class women change during the course of the century? How did middle-class women tend to see the home? | |
| 4. | Focus Question: When and why did political feminism arise? Why did the movement remain disunified? |
| Why did many men resist giving women the right to vote? What obstacles limited women's support of feminist causes? What type of argumentation does John Stuart Mill and his wife Harriet Taylor employ? What tact does Frances Power Cobbe support in winning greater women's rights? What particular difficulty did feminist face on the Continent? Where was Europe's most advanced women's movement? What differences in approach separated Millicent Fawcett and Emmeline Pankhurst? How might their social backgrounds account for this? How successful were the efforts of these two women? When did French women receive the right to vote in national elections? When did German women receive the right to vote? Before WWI, which was the only country to grant women the vote on national issues? |
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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