REVIEW SHEET 17	EUROPEAN ECONOMY AND SOCIETY, 1815-1914: CHANGING URBAN LIFE
pp. 620-623

1. Focus Question: What developments contributed to European/American domination of the world in the nineteenth century?

How did north-western Europe and the United States manage to increase its production of goods and services so dramatically during the nineteenth century? How did the industrial labor force differ from the workers of earlier times? In what sense were the Europeans dependent upon the less industrial world by the latter half of the nineteenth century?

2. Focus Question: What was the fate of traditional workers during the second quarter of the 19th century?

Which was the only European country to be "industrial" by 1830? What does the term "proletarianization" mean? What methods were used to attempt to enforce "factory" discipline? What was the fate of the English hand-loom weavers? Why did urban artisans experience "proletarianization" more slowly than factory workers? Why did the artisans find it increasingly difficult to exercise corporate or guild direction and control over their trades? What was "confection" and how did it alter the master-apprentice relationship? What caused the dilution of skills and lower wages for artisan journeymen?

3. Focus Question: How was urban life changed during the late nineteenth century?

What problems did rural migrants to the cities face? Where were the roots of much of the political anti-Semitism of the latter part of the century? How were the major cities "redesigned" after mid-century? What technological advances allowed people to move freely from residence to urban centers?

4. Focus Question: How did sanation reform contribute to a new model of urban life?

What factors led to a growing concern with the problems of public health and housing for the poor? What was the great public health disaster of the 1830s and 1840s? How did the commonly held theory of disease promote sanitation reform? What impact did sanation projects have on death rates? How did the concern for sanitation increase the power of government? What generally held attitudes about the family helped prompt public housing for the poor? Why did housing issues become a major political question for the government? Why do you think that governments were reluctant to become involved with the issue of public housing and why did they? What became the "ideal" for governmental and housing reformers?

1.	Focus Question: What developments contributed to European/American domination of the world in the nineteenth century?
	How did north-western Europe and the United States manage to increase its production of goods and services so dramatically during the nineteenth century? How did the industrial labor force differ from the workers of earlier times? In what sense were the Europeans dependent upon the less industrial world by the latter half of the nineteenth century?
2.	Focus Question: What was the fate of traditional workers during the second quarter of the 19th century?
	Which was the only European country to be "industrial" by 1830? What does the term "proletarianization" mean? What methods were used to attempt to enforce "factory" discipline? What was the fate of the English hand-loom weavers? Why did urban artisans experience "proletarianization" more slowly than factory workers? Why did the artisans find it increasingly difficult to exercise corporate or guild direction and control over their trades? What was "confection" and how did it alter the master-apprentice relationship? What caused the dilution of skills and lower wages for artisan journeymen?
3.	Focus Question: How was urban life changed during the late nineteenth century?
	What problems did rural migrants to the cities face? Where were the roots of much of the political anti-Semitism of the latter part of the century? How were the major cities "redesigned" after mid-century? What technological advances allowed people to move freely from residence to urban centers?
4.	Focus Question: How did sanation reform contribute to a new model of urban life?
	What factors led to a growing concern with the problems of public health and housing for the poor? What was the great public health disaster of the 1830s and 1840s? How did the commonly held theory of disease promote sanitation reform? What impact did sanation projects have on death rates? How did the concern for sanitation increase the power of government? What generally held attitudes about the family helped prompt public housing for the poor? Why did housing issues become a major political question for the government? Why do you think that governments were reluctant to become involved with the issue of public housing and why did they? What became the "ideal" for governmental and housing reformers?