Am. & Fr. Revolutions

REVIEW SHEET 12	BRITISH COLONIAL AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTIONS
pp. 542-554

1. Focus Question: What factors drove the British colonies in the Americas to revolt?

On what principles did the revolutinary leaders generally draw their principles of government? How were the transatlantic revolutions connected? What two problems did the British Government face after the Seven Years' War? Why did the colonies oppose British taxation? What Whig political ideas were popular in the colonies? Why were British troops sent over to the colonies in 1768? What were the "Intolerable Acts" and why were they passed? What was the goal of the First Continental Congress held in 1774? What social changes did the American revolution make and which did it fail to make?

2. Focus Question: What factors led to the outbreak of the French Revolution?

Why had the French government fallen into financial debt during the 18th century? What was the basis of tension between the French monarchy and the aristocracy in 1786 and 1788? What had caused this situation? Was France a poor country? Who made up the three estates of the Estates General? How did the formation of the National (Constituent) Assembly transform the government of France?

3. Focus Question: What factors drove the French Rev. to make radical changes to the nature of the French government?

What two factors helped to radicalize the position of the National Constituent Assembly (NCA) in 1789? What had the crowd sought in storming the Bastile? How did the king react to the fall of the Bastile? How was feudal privilege ended in France? What two principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen were to characterize all future governments? Why did the king finally sanction the decrees of the National Constituent Assembly and the renunciation of feudalism? Why did the king move from Versailles to Paris in October 1789?

4. Focus Question: How did the NCA pay government debts and reform the government?

What were the policies of the NCA in regards to government, administration, economics and religion? What was the attitude of the NCA in regards to civic and social equality? Why were the peasants and urban workers disappointed by the NCA? How was the NCA to pay the national debt? How did the Pope react to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy? What event proved definitely that the king did not support the revolution?

5. Focus Question: How and why was the French Revolution radicalized?

What two factors helped to undermine the unity of the revolution? What action by the Legislative Assembly in 1792 radicalized the revolution? How many people were killed and by whom during the September Massacres? What factors brought an end to the Legislative Assembly? By what electoral principle were members of the Convention elected? What was the purpose of the Assembly? What were the goals of the sans-culottes and the Parisian tradespeople and artisans? How did the goals of the sans-culottes differ with those of the majority of the Jacobins? How did the "Mountain" differ from the "Girondists?" What issues brought the "Mountain" and san-culottes into a position of power?

6. Focus Question: What changes did the "radical" revolution make, and how and why was radicalism defeated?

Who exercized the executive duties of government after April 1793? How did the "Mountain" take over the Convention? What was the role of revolutionary women, and how willing were the men to let them participate in directing the revolution? What measures did it enact to meet the national crisis? How and why did the Convention attempt to dechristianize France? How did Robespierre defend terror? Who suffered under the Terror? What factors prompted the Thermidorian Reaction? How did the electoral process under the Directory differ from that of the Convention? How did the Convention show that it had turned conservative in the winter of 1794-5? Who were the chief enemies of the Directory's conservative moves?

Common Sense
Tennis Court Oath
Great Fear
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
émigrés
Jacobins
Girondists
san-culottes
Committee of Public Safety
Maximilien Robespierre

1.	Focus Question: What factors drove the British colonies in the Americas to revolt?
	On what principles did the revolutinary leaders generally draw their principles of government? How were the transatlantic revolutions connected? What two problems did the British Government face after the Seven Years' War? Why did the colonies oppose British taxation? What Whig political ideas were popular in the colonies? Why were British troops sent over to the colonies in 1768? What were the "Intolerable Acts" and why were they passed? What was the goal of the First Continental Congress held in 1774? What social changes did the American revolution make and which did it fail to make?
2.	Focus Question: What factors led to the outbreak of the French Revolution?
	Why had the French government fallen into financial debt during the 18th century? What was the basis of tension between the French monarchy and the aristocracy in 1786 and 1788? What had caused this situation? Was France a poor country? Who made up the three estates of the Estates General? How did the formation of the National (Constituent) Assembly transform the government of France?
3.	Focus Question: What factors drove the French Rev. to make radical changes to the nature of the French government?
	What two factors helped to radicalize the position of the National Constituent Assembly (NCA) in 1789? What had the crowd sought in storming the Bastile? How did the king react to the fall of the Bastile? How was feudal privilege ended in France? What two principles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen were to characterize all future governments? Why did the king finally sanction the decrees of the National Constituent Assembly and the renunciation of feudalism? Why did the king move from Versailles to Paris in October 1789?
4.	Focus Question: How did the NCA pay government debts and reform the government?
	What were the policies of the NCA in regards to government, administration, economics and religion? What was the attitude of the NCA in regards to civic and social equality? Why were the peasants and urban workers disappointed by the NCA? How was the NCA to pay the national debt? How did the Pope react to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy? What event proved definitely that the king did not support the revolution?
5.	Focus Question: How and why was the French Revolution radicalized?
	What two factors helped to undermine the unity of the revolution? What action by the Legislative Assembly in 1792 radicalized the revolution? How many people were killed and by whom during the September Massacres? What factors brought an end to the Legislative Assembly? By what electoral principle were members of the Convention elected? What was the purpose of the Assembly? What were the goals of the sans-culottes and the Parisian tradespeople and artisans? How did the goals of the sans-culottes differ with those of the majority of the Jacobins? How did the "Mountain" differ from the "Girondists?" What issues brought the "Mountain" and san-culottes into a position of power?
6.	Focus Question: What changes did the "radical" revolution make, and how and why was radicalism defeated?
	Who exercized the executive duties of government after April 1793? How did the "Mountain" take over the Convention? What was the role of revolutionary women, and how willing were the men to let them participate in directing the revolution? What measures did it enact to meet the national crisis? How and why did the Convention attempt to dechristianize France? How did Robespierre defend terror? Who suffered under the Terror? What factors prompted the Thermidorian Reaction? How did the electoral process under the Directory differ from that of the Convention? How did the Convention show that it had turned conservative in the winter of 1794-5? Who were the chief enemies of the Directory's conservative moves?