| REVIEW SHEET 10 | THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION |
| pp. 538-542 |
| 1. | Focus Question: What was the nature of the Scientific Revolution and what led to the Copernican revolution? |
| What was the Scientific Revolution? In what sense was it a revolution? What impact did the transformation of humankind's perception of its place in the larger scheme of things have? Why did Ptolemy consider it necessary to place the earth in the center of the solar system? What assumptions did Aristotelian physics make about the nature of physical motion? What was the most important "problem" with the Ptolemaic system? What motive led Copernicus to suggest a sun-centered solar system? How did the system of Ptolemy differ from that of Copernicus--which was more accurate? What was the key to the future development of the Copernican revolution? | |
| 2. | Focus Question: What were the contributions of Brahe, Kepler, Galileo, and Bacon to the Scientific Revolution? |
| How did Tycho Brahe's explanation of the movement of the planets differ from that of Copernicus? Why did Kepler accept Copernicus' theory of planetary motion? How did Kepler solve the problem of planetary orbits? What new instrument did Galileo Galilei employ to study the heavens? What did it show and why was this important? What was Galileo's most important achievement? For what is Francis Bacon famous? Why did Francis Bacon criticize the scholastic (medieval) thinkers? What was his greatest achievement? What did René Descartes attempt to do in his work Discourse on Method? What is the difference between the inductive and deductive methods? Which method did Descartes favor? | |
| 3. | Focus Question: What were the philosophical and intellectual impact of Newton's scientific solution? |
| What cosmological problem did Isaac Newton solve? What explanation did he give? What was the impact of Newton's work on the idea of the nature of the universe? On the relationship between religion and science? What did John Locke attempt to do? According to Locke, how did people learn? What was the significant conclusion of Locke's philosophy? Was Locke optimistic or pessimistic about human nature? |
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On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres
scholasticism = philosopical and theological approach of the Middle Ages, which stressed the use of reason to deepen the understanding of what is believed on faith, and ultimately to give a rational content to faith empiricism = philosophical doctrine holding that all knowledge is derived from experience, whether of the mind or of the senses |