1.	Focus Question: Why did Spartan and Athenian societies develop so differently?
	Why were the Spartans compelled to make the army the primary focus of their society?   At what age did a Spartan male become a full citizen?   What was the purpose of the Spartan system?  What was the role of women in Sparta? What was the one ambition permitted to a Spartan male? What type of government did Sparta have? How did Sparta build the Peloponnesian League and what did it expect from its allies? What type of polis was Athens in the 7th c. B.C.E.?  What crisis led to the Reforms of Solon in Athens?  What were Solon’s principal reforms?  To what extent were they successful and to what extent unsuccessful?  What was the aim of Pisistratus's government and how did he achieve it?   What was the unintended effect of his policies?  How did Clistenes contribute to Athenian democracy? How did Clisthenes seek to weaken the power of the nobles?  Who had final authority in all things following Clisthenes' reforms?
2.	Focus Question:  How did Greek victory in the Persian Wars change the nature political structure in Greece?
	Why did the Ionian Greeks rebell against Persia in 499 B.C., and why did Athens help? What was the outcome of the revolt?  Why did Darius and Xerxes attack Greece?  What contribution did Themistocles make to victory and to the future power of Athens?  How the Greeks manage to defeat the Persians?  What event marked the beginning of the Classical Period in Greece and how long did it last?  What was the purpose of the Delian League and who led it? Why didn't Sparta take the lead in Greece after the battles of Plataea and Mycale?   What were Cimon's policies and what led to his fall?  How did the First Peloponnesian War end?  What pressures resulted in the change from the Delian League to the Athenian Empire?  How did Athenian government and society function under Pericles?  What was the chief role of women in Athenian society?  What was the one public function of women?  How does literature and art contradict the legal position of women? What was the Spartan advantage and what was the Athenian advantage in the Great Peloponnesian War?  Why did Athens lose the Great Peloponnesian War?  Why was Sparta not an ideal state to rule a maritime empire?  What indication did the Greeks have that the Persian Empire was vulnerable? What led to the demise of Spartan hegemony? What led to the collapse of Theban hegemony? How did the second Athenian empire compare to its first empire?
3.	Focus Question:  How did changes in Greek art reflect changes in the political situation?
	What common element describes Greek life, thought and art? What two sources of tension contributed to the artistic outpouring of the fifth-century B.C.E.?   What were the principle sources of concern of Attic tragedy?  What was the purpose and tension of Athenian architecture? Who wrote the first prose history, what was the subject? What was the change between Old Comedy and the Middle and New Comedy and what change of attitude does this show?  What was the movement in drama and sculpture in the fourth-century B.C.?
	Messenian Wars Battle of Marathon Battle of Thermopylae Pericles Aristophanes Aeschylus Euripides Thucydides