REVIEW SHEET RELIGIOUS WARS AND THEIR AFTERMATH 
pp. 394-403

 
1. Focus Question:  In the struggle for political power in France, what was the role of religion? 
How was Genevan Calvinism and Tridentine Catholicism alike?  How did Calvinsim magnify regional and local religious authority?  To which political groups did Calvinism, Catholicism appeal?  What percentage of France was Huguenot in 1561?  What percentage of the nobility?  Why?  What was Catherine d' Medici's chief concern and ultimate goal? How did the Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre change the nature of the "religious" struggle in Europe?  Who was Henry IV (Henry of Navarre) and what religious policy did he follow as king of France? 

2. Focus Question: How did politics and religion merge during the reign of Philip II of Spain, and Elizabeth I of England? 
What were the religious beliefs of William of Orange?  Why did the Netherlands revolt against King Philip II of Spain?  What factor led to the division of the Netherlands between North and South?  Why were the northern provinces able to drive out all Spanish soldiers by 1593?  What was the final disposition of the northern provinces of the Netherlands, as agreed upon at the Peace of Westphalia in 1648?  Which  groups opposed Elisabeth I, why?  What factors led England and Spain inexorably to war?  What impact did the defeat of the Armada have on Spain, on England?

3. Focus Question:  How did the Treaty of Westphalia mark a shift in the political and fortunes of the Hapsburgs and Germany? 
What was the political situation in Germany during the second half of the 16th century?  What role did Calvinism have in unsettling the Holy Roman Empire? In what sense was the Thirty Years' War a political struggle, a religious struggle?  What were the main features of the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648?  What was the political condition of Germany after the Thirty Years' War?


Catherine de Medicis
politiques
"Paris is worth a Mass"
Edict of Nantes
Battle of Lepanto (1571)
Pacification of Ghent (1576)
Puritans
Spanish Armada
Treaty of Westphalia