| 1. |
Focus Question: How
did the medieval Church attempt reform prior to the Protestant Reformation? |
|
Why were the popes hesitant to support basic changes in the laws and
institutions of the church? What group traditionally supplied the
majority of reformers in the church and what was their chief goal? |
| 2. |
Focus Question: What
role did the Jesuits play in the Counter-Reformation? |
|
When and by whom was the Society of Jesus founded? By what name
is the Society of Jesus popularly known? How many Jesuits were there
worldwide a century after its founding? What prompted St. Ignatius'
conversion? In Jesuit eyes how did the Protestants distinguish themselves?
According to the author, what were the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius
intended to teach? What were the chief elements of the exercises
of Ignatius? |
| 3. |
Focus Question: In what
sense was the Council of Trent a success and in what sense was it a failure? |
|
Why was Pope Paul III forced to call a council? To what factor(s)
did the reform commission of 1537 attribute the church's lose of esteem?
Why did the Council of Trent meet in three sessions? What were the principal
reforms of the Council, and in what area did they principally deal?
On the doctrinal level, what concessions did the Council made to the Protestants?
Why did many Catholic rulers initially resist Trent's reform decrees? |
| 4. |
Focus Question: How did
the Reformation change the lives of city dwellers in Protestant areas? |
|
What percentage of the population was clergy in the great cities of
central Europe in the fifteenth century? How did the church regulate
the lives of the faithful? What religious institutions were most
influential? What "abuses" most irritated town dwellers? How
were conditions different in these same cities following the reformation? |
| 5. |
Focus Question: What was
the role of women in the Reformation and how does this indicate a changing
role for women? |
|
What was the Protestant reformers attitude toward marriage? What
role did the Protestants praise most for women? What arguments did
Protestants use in support of marriage? According to the author,
what factors liberalized divorce practices? On what grounds did the
reformers permit divorce? What aspects of the Protestant reformation
appealed to women? Why did Protestants tend to favor the education
of women? |