REVIEW SHEET 34 EUROPE ON THE EVE OF THE REFOMATION
pp.  374-379

 
1. Focus Question:  What was the Reformation and where did it begin?
Where and when did the Protestant Reformation begin?  What values did the Protestant reformers share with the Renaissance thinkers and which did they reject?  

2. Focus Question What were the causes and the effects of European expansion?
Which European power led European exploration along the African coast? What two items were they seeking initially?  Why were spices so in demand in Europe? Who controlled the overland spice trade?  What did Columbus hope to find by sailing West? What model did the Spanish have in mind when dealing with the Americas?  What were the positive and what were the negative effects of European colonial and economic expansion on both the Americas and Europe?

3. Focus Question:  What were the preconditions of the Reformation? 
Where did the Protestant Reformation first begin and why were these areas fertile grounds for conflict? Apart from religious issues, why did many townspeople and villagers support the Reformation?  Which groups tended to favor the Reformation and why?  What factors tended to contribute to the growth of lay criticism of the Church?  Which factors contributed to the growth of lay criticism of the Church?  How and why was secular control of religious life becoming more common in the late Middle Ages?  How did town dwellers seek to improve religious life in their areas?  How did the humanists of the Northern Renaissance differ from those of the Italian Renaissance?  For Erasmus what was the essence of the philosophia Christi [philosophy of Christi]?  How did humanism in Spain differ from that in Germany,England and France?