REVIEW SHEET	THE MIDDLE AGES Growth of National Monarchies, Political and Social Breakdown, Late Medieval Church
pp. 350-358

 

1.	Focus Question:  How and why was the development of England and France different during this period?
	What is the significance of the date 1066?  What claim did William of Normandy have to the English crown?  What elements of Anglo-Saxon government did William the Conquerer keep and how did this "balance" the government? Which English king greatly expanded the crown's holdings in France?  What was the importance of the Magna Carta?  What wise decision did the French Capetian kings make?  How did Philip Augustus unite France?  What measures did Louis IX undertake that helped unify the kingdom?  How was Frederick II's concessions to the German princes like the Magna Carta?  How was it different?   What was the nature of the German emperors after Frederick II?
2.	Focus Question:  What factors contributed to the political and social breakdown during the later Middle Ages?
	What were the principle causes of the Hundred Years' War?  Why did France initially do so poorly against the English?  What effective weapon did the English have?  What role did Joan of Arc play?  What impact did the war have on both England and France?  Why was Europe's population so vulnerable to the bubonic plague?  Where did the plague come from and what areas of Europe were most affected?  What percentage of the West European population may have succumbed to the plague?  Which areas were generally spared the plague?  Where the chief social and economic consequences of the plague?  Who gained and lost from the plague?
3.	Focus Question: What led to the ecclesiastical breakdown of the late Medieval Church?
	Over what issues did Philip the Fair and Boniface VIII quarrel?  How did the French king react to the Pope's attempt to prevent clerical taxation?  How was the issue settled and what impact did it have on future Church-State relations? What impression does it give that the papacy moved to Avignon?  What caused the Great Western Schism?  How was Europe divided in allegiance to the Pope(s)?  Which line is recognized as the official line of the papacy?  When and how was the schism "healed"?  What was the impact of the conciliar movement on the conscience of all western peoples?

	Battle of Hastings Battle of Bouvines (1214) Clericos Laicos Unam Sanctam