| REVIEW SHEET | THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES (1000-1300)
Rival of Empire, Church, and Towns |
| pp. 338-350 |
| 1. | Focus Question: How did Church and State both aid and compete with one another during the Middle Ages? |
| What were the main historical trends during the high Middle Ages? How
did Henry I and Otto I seek to increase their power? Why was the battle
of Lechfeld in 955 significant? How did Pope John XII recompense Otto I
for his aid? What was the result of the German kings attempts to secure
Italy? What was the state of the Church during the late ninth and early
tenth centuries? What was the goal of the Cluny reform? What issue
was the center of the investiture controversy? What was the pope's
chief weapon which he used against Henry IV? Which group "helped"
the Church against Henry IV? Which group profited most from the investiture
controversy? How did the Concordat of Worms make the clergy "more
independent but not necessarily less worldly?" |
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| 2. | Focus Question: What were the causes and effects of the Crusades? |
| What was the motives of the Crusades? What factors made the early crusades
such a success? Who proclaimed the First Crusade? How did the eastern Christians
"greet" the crusaders, why? What was the result of the First Crusade? According
to Pope Urban II, which city was "the navel of the world?" Why did the
Third Crusade fail? What was the most significant long-term achievement
of the first three Crusades? |
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| 3. | Focus Question: What was the nature of towns in the Middle Ages and how did they change over time? |
| In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, what percentage of the western
European population lived in towns? Who originally dominated the
towns? How did the growth of towns improve the lot of serfs?
From which social class did the long-distant trade merchants often come?
How were merchants initally viewed? How and why did that opinion
change? Why did the merchants ally themselves with kings against
the nobility of the countryside? Who controlled the cities by the thirteenth
century? How did town government vary differ in France, Germany
and Italy? What two factors were behind the surge in anti-Jewish
feeling during the High Middle Ages? |
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| 4. | Focus Question: What was the nature of education in the High Middle Ages? |
| What new cultural "information" held spark the rise of the universities,
and where did it come from? Where was the first important Western university?
What were the specialties of Bologna and Paris? What was the medieval
attitude toward the pursuit of truth? How did the scholastic program of
study function and what was its aim? |
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| 5. | Focus Question: What were the characteristics of the medieval society? |
| Which were the three basic social groups of the Middle Ages?
How was the nobility divided by the late Middle Ages? What was the
"profession" of the nobility? By the late Middle Ages, what factors
led to the nobility's steep economic and political decline? In what
sense was the clergy an "open estate?" What were the two basic types
of clerics and how did they differ? What was the source of their
prestige? What were the obligations and rights of the serfs?
What two basic changes in the manor system led to greater freedom for the
serfs? What was the social status and role of women? |
|
"Peace of God" -- series of Chruch decress that attempted to lessen
the endemic warfare of medieval society by threatening excommunication
for all who, at any time, harmed such vulnerable groups as women, peasants,
merchants, and clergy Concordat of Worms
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