REVIEW SHEET 16 CHINA: QIN AND HAN DYNASTIES
pp. 154-169



1.  Focus Question:  How does the Qin unite China and why does the dynasty collapse so rapidly?
Which area of China has been traditionally its most important political center?  How did the Chou/Zhou system of government differ from what followed in the the third century B.C.?   How long did the Qin dynasty last?  With which dynasty do the Chinese people most identify?  For what purpose and by whom was the Great Wall built?  How long was it?  What were the sources of Qin strength?  What was the most significant Qin reform under Li Ssu?  What was the political philosophy adopted by the Qin?  How did the Qin secure their power over the aristocrats?  What reforms did the Qin use to unify the empire?  Why did the Qin collapse?  What surprising artifact was found in the tomb of the First Emperor of Qin? 

2.  Focus Question:  What features of Han China distinguished it from the Roman Empire?
How does the Chinese concept of dynastic cycle  function?  Why did Kao Tsu and his immediate successors take so long to reunify China?  What reforms did the early Han rulers make?  Why did the Confucians argue for leaving commodities in private hands?  What was the principal threat to the Han empire to its north?  How did Han Wu Ti deal with the barbarian threat?  What two great empires were connected by the Silk Road?    In actuality, how was China ruled under the Han?  How were officials selected?  What was Kao Tsu’s attitude toward Confucians?  Why were Confucian ideas useful under the Former Han dynasty?  Who were the major contenders for power when an emperor was weak or young?  How did Chinese historians tend to "see" the court eunuchs?  According to some poetry of the period, what was the lot of Chinese women?   Who generally founded new dynasties?  Why were the military commanders less powerful in the Chinese court than they had been in Rome?  What were the main functions of the Han government?  What function did the local notables and large landowners have in government?  What prompted rebellions in the  Former Han in 22 B.C.?  What factors led to the decline of the Former Han? What methods did Wang Mang employ to save the dynasty? Why were they not successful?

3. Focus Question:  What were the chief accomplishments of the Later Han?  How did post-Han China differ from Post-Roman Europe?
What was the economic and governmental policies of the first emperors of the Later Han?  Military expansion by the Later Han was directed in which directions?  How did the Later Han deal with the Hsiung Nu? Why was the defeat of the northern Hsiung Nu important to the history of Rome?  What caused the decline of the dynasty during the second century CE?  Who deposed the last Han emperor?  What was the fate of the China after the fall of the Han?  What were the two main characteristics of the post-Han centuries?  How did developments in the north differ from that of the south?  What characteristics did the "nomad" states of northern China share?  What role did Buddhism play in post-Han history?

4.  Focus Question:  How where the main features of Han Thought and Religion?
What are the two most important areas that reflect the sophistication and depth of Han culture?  What was the impact of the development of a common written language in China?  What contribution did Han philosophers make to Chou Confucianism?  What was the Chinese attitude toward history? What is Ssu-ma Ch'ien's attitude toward the wealthy?  What were the chief concerns of Neo-Taoism?    From what source do the bulk of Chinese draw their religious ideas?  When did Buddhism first reach China?  How did the Chinese explain the confusion between Taoism and Buddhism?  What advantage did Buddhism have over Taoism?  How was Buddhism in India different from that in China?  How was Han China different from the Roman empire? 

"Salt and Iron Debate"
Hsiung Nu
empress dowager
Tales of Three Kingdoms
Six Dynasties era
Sixteen Kingdoms