REVIEW SHEET 13  CHRISTIANITY AND LATE EMPIRE
pp. 140-151
1. Focus Question:  How did Christianity become a major religion in the Empire? 
What obstacles did Christianity face?  What did the authors of the Gospels believe about Jesus?   What does the term, "Jesus Christ" mean? What were the basic teachings of Christianity?  What was the greatest problem facing the early Christians?  What was Paul of Tarsus’ major contribution to Christianity?  Initially how were bishops selected?  What was the role of the episkopoi  in the early church?  Why were Christians persecuted?  Initially, who directed most persecutions?  What was the "positive" effect the persecutions?  What did the term "catholic" mean?  Why necessitated the changes in  the early church structurer?  By C.E. 200, where was the most important center of Christianity?  What tradition helped to enhance the authority of Rome? 

2. Focus Question:  What were the reasons for the crisis of the third century and what efforts were made to address it? 
What peoples threatened the Romans in the east, in the west and north during the 3rd century?   How and why did Septimius Severus change the Roman army?  What measures did he take to strengthen the army? What factors contributed to Rome's declining economic situation in the 3rd century?  What social changes resulted?  What changes did Aurelian and his successors make to the Roman military and to Roman defensive strategy?  What characterized the period from Diocletian to Constantine?   After Diocletian how were the Roman emperors addressed?  Why did Constantine increase imperial remoteness and ceremony? By the end of the 4th century, what was the condition of the empire?  Why was the empired divided and how did the two halves differ?  By the fifth century, what was the only unifying institution in the empire?  How did the east differ from the west?  What were the characteristics of Byzantine civilization?

3.  Focus Question:  How did the Church and State assist one another and why did the Empire collapse? 
What factors contributed to serious imperial persecution in the third and fourth centuries?  Which emperor initiated the greatest persecution of Christianity?  When and under which emperor did Christianity become the state religion?  How did the relationship between the emperors and the church differ between east and west?  What was the position of Arius of Alexandria concerning Jesus?  Which council condemned his position?  Who finally dealt with the issue and how?  What situation is reflected in the writings of the late empire?  During the late empire what was the attitude toward classical learning?  Why was St. Jerome's translation of the bible in Latin important?  What was Eusebius of Caesarea's view of history in his Ecclesiastical History?  Why did Augustine write The City of God  and what was its main position?  What reasons have been given for the collapse of the Roman Empire?  Which explanation is most convincing (according to the author)?  What factors helped create the Roman empire and in what sense was it unique?

agape
"enemies of humanity"
Goths
tetrarchy
Edict of Maximum Prices
Constantinope
coloni
villas
Julian "the Apostate" = only emperor after Constantine to return to paganism
syncretism
Battle of Adrianople
"New Rome"
Vulgate
Huns