REVIEW SHEET 12 THE AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE AND IMPERIAL ROME
pp.  134-140

 
 
 
1.   Focus Question: How did Octavian establish his control? 
What type of government did Octavian establish in 27 BCE?  Why did Octavian retain control of Gaul, Spain and Syria?  When and why did Octavian become "Augustus"?  How and why did Octavian make changes to the government administration?  Why was the Augustan period one of peace and prosperity?  What was Augustus' main external problem?  How large was Rome's frontier army normally?  What steps did Augustus take in these areas?

2. Focus Question:  Who were the main features of Rome's cultural "Golden Age?" 
When was the high point of Roman culture? Who was the most towering literary figure of the late republic and for what is he famous?  What hellenistic philosophy did his ideas reflect?  What was jus gentium and on what principle was it based?  What type of poetry did Lucretius and Catullus write and on what philosophy did it rest?  What was the greatest work of Vergil?  The Odes  and Satires  were written by which poet?  What was the fate of Ovid?  Who was the greatest prose writer of the "Golden Age"?  What did he write and why would it have appealed to Augustus?  What was the purpose of Augustus' building policy and what style most influenced it? 

3. Focus Question:  How did imperial Rome function and what were it's two main "problems?"
What was the central problem for Augustus' successors? How did the "five good emperors" select their successors?  Why was this scheme abandoned?  How did the five good emperor enlist the support of the upper class?  What was the ultimate effect of centralized Roman bureaucracy? What was Trajan's military strategy and how did it represent a change?  How did Hadrian's reign mark a shift in Rome's frontier policy? What placed enormous pressure on the empire during the reign of Marcius Aurelius?  What was the result?

4. Focus Question:  What stresses to the Empire became evident in the Second Century B.C.?
When was the "Silver Age" of Roman literature?  How did it differ from the "Golden (Augustan) Age?"  What two contributions did the Romans make to architecture? Why did members of the ruling class become reluctant to serve as magistrates and councilmen during the second century A.D.?  What elements were responsible for bringing on the crisis which would  ultimately destroyed the empire? What was the size of a typical Roman city?   In Rome, where did the majority of the people live?

imperator
"five good emperors"
insulae
Pantheon