| REVIEW SHEET 11 | RISE OF ROME: EARLY HISTORY: REPUBLIC TO AUGUSTAN PRINCIPATE |
| pp. 124-134 |
| 1. | Focus Question: How did Rome's Early History contribute to the formation of the Roman Character? |
| From the vantage of history, what were the principles achievements of Rome? When did the Latins (Italic-speakers) arrive in Italy? Besides the Latins, what two other peoples lived in Italy? Where did the Etruscans live and how did they prosper? Under the Etruscan's what type of government did the Romans have? What was the basic characteristics of Roman government? What was the role of the father and mother in the Roman family? What rights did the woman enjoy under Roman law? What was the chief obligations of the client-patron relationship? Why did client-patron relationship pay such an important role in the life of the Roman Republic? Into what two classes was Roman society divided during the royal period? | |
| 2. | Focus Question: What were the chief characteristics of the Roman Republic? |
| Why were the kings expelled? What was the nature of the Roman Constitution? What was the role of the consuls? How was consular action checked? Why was a dictator occassionally appointed, and how was his authority different from the consuls? Why was the office of the proconsulship created, and why was it problematic? What was the difference between the Senate and the centuriate assembly? What advantage did the plebeians have in their contest for power? What was the duties of a tribune? How was Rome ruled after the struggle of the orders? What disaster struck Rome at the beginnning of the 4th c. B.C.E? How did Rome treat the conquered Italian cities? | |
| 3. | Focus Question: How does Rome establish its rule throughout the Mediterranean World? Where was the Carthaginian empire located, and what was itís source of wealth? How did the First Punic War end? What were the terms of peace and how did Rome anger the Carthaginians? How did Carthage recover strength after the First Punic War? What were the causes of the Second Punic War? What factors hampered Hannibal in the Second Punic War? Why didn't more of Rome's allies tend to revolt? What innovations did Rome introduce establishing its imperial system after the Second Punic War? In the east, which states contended with Rome for control of Greece? How and why did Roman policy change during its Eastern campaigns? What "new motives" prompted foreign military campaigns? How did the Romans deal with Spain and Carthage? |
| 4. | Focus Question: How did Empire change Rome and why did attempted reforms fail? |
| How did Roman religion and education change as a result of contact with the Greeks? For the Greeks, what was the highest area of study? How did traditional Roman education differ from Greek education? Why did the Romans avidly study rhetoric? What advantages did Hellenistic education hold for the Romans? How did war and expansion change the economic, social, and political life of Italy? What did Tiberius Gracchus attempt to do and how did it fundamentally change Roman politics? Whose side does Plutarch take (from the reading)? Why was Gaius Gracchus more of a threat to the Senate than Tiberius? Over what issue did Gaius fall? What changes did Marius make to the army and why were they important? What was the cause and final result of the Italian War of 90-88 B.C.E.? What example did Sulla give that would effect later Roman history? | |
| 5. | Focus Question: Why and how did the Republic fall? |
| Who made up the First Triumvirate and why was it formed? Why
did Pompey initially side with Crassus and Julius Caesar? What was
the basic fear of the Roman Senate? What was the fate of Crassus?
What was the outcome of the civil war? What was the aim of Julius
Caesar's reforms? How and why was Caesar killed? What was the
result? Who made up the Second Triumvirate and why was it formed?
Who won the Battle of Actium in 31 B.C. and what was its importance?
What was the nature of Octavian's constitutional solution? What was
the real basis of Roman political success in the first century BCE?
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