Insofar as they tended to share certain assumptions, debates among philosophers
within the consensus could be considered "internal" to that consensus,
and these tended to dominate philosophy of science until the sixties. There
were always critics who stood outside the dominant consensus (e.g. Michael
Polanyi, Pierre Duhem, Alfred North Whitehead or Alexandre Koyre). However,
their disagreement with the dominant consensus could be considered "external"
to the main field of debate within philosophy of science, and was thus
largely ignored within the consensus. But ultimately disagreements and
internal problems within the consensus weakened it to the point where the
"dam broke" and the once dominant consensus became flooded with both internal
and external problems. This happened to coincide rather closely with the
publication of Thomas Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions [SSR],
which therefore often has been seen as a primary cause for the dissolution
of the consensus. It is certainly an exaggeration to regard Kuhn's book
as having "caused" the break up of the empiricist consensus, but as events
happened, its time of publication was such that debates in philosophy of
science during the breakup of the consensus often took Kuhn's work as a
point of departure.