< Sample Old Exam >
I'm providing this to you-all so
that you can have some insight into the format and scope
of old exams. As I noted to everyone the 1st day of class this term (S
98), the exams this semester will be predominately
OBJECTIVE. SO, DON'T expect to see these EXACT
questions (in style or content) on OUR exams. :) Dr. Craig Hood
Spring 1995 _________
Dr. Craig S. Hood Number
Histology Exam # 1
Section 1 Fill-in blank 68 points --
Section 2 Multiple Ch. 14 points --
Section 3 Short Answer 70 points --
Section 4 Matching 32 points
--
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186
PTS --
METHODS OF STUDY
1. ________________________ is a method of studying unstained biological specimens that is based on the differences in the refractive indices of their components.
2. ________________________ is a method of studying unstained biological specimens that is based on visualizing labeled cells and /or their component parts utilizing a reaction with silver bromide crystals in a photographic emulsion.
3. ________________________ is a method of demonstrating the occurence of specific macromolecules by utilizing a chemical reaction / dye system -- the PAS reaction is an example.
4. ________________________ is a method of demonstrating the occurence of specific macromolecules by utilizing a chemical reaction, antibodies, and fluorescent dye.
5. ________________________ is a method of studying cell behavior without fixation.
CELL BIOLOGY
6. ________________________ is the cellular compartment (component) that contains nuclei acids and proteins which participate in TRANSCRIPTION.
7. ________________________ is the cellular compartment (component) that contains nuclei acids and proteins which participate in TRANSLATION.
8. ________________________ are that portion of the PLASMALEMMA which is HYDROPHILIC.
9. ________________________ are that portion of the PLASMALEMMA which is HYDROPHOBIC.
10. ________________________ proteins are those that are found within the lipid bilayer of the PLASMALEMMA.
11. ________________________ are those cellular organelles/structures which are involved in DETOXIFICATION and STEROID SYNTHESIS.
12. ________________________ are those cellular organelles/structures which are involved in INTRACELLULAR DIGESTION.
13. ________________________ are those cellular organelles/structures which are involved in ATP and STEROID SYNTHESIS.
14. ________________________ are those cellular organelles/structures which are involved in r-RNA SYNTHESIS.
15. ________________________ are those cellular organelles/structures which are involved in POST-TRANSLATIONAL PACKAGING AND TRANSPORT.
16. The CYTOSKELETON contains 3 CLASSES of ELEMENTS (structural
proteins) that give the cell support, and locomotion - ______________________,
___________________ and ________________________.
17. ________________________ are the CLASS OF CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENTS that
have an AVERAGE DIAMETER of 10-12 nm and includeVIMENTIN and DESMIN as
specific examples.
18. ________________________ are the CLASS OF CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENTS that
have an AVERAGE DIAMETER of 24 nm and include ß-TUBULIN as a specific
example.
19. ________________________ are the CLASS OF CYTOSKELETAL ELEMENTS that have an AVERAGE DIAMETER of 5-7 nm and possess the property of CONTRACTILITY.
20. ____________________(structures) are comprised of _______________(proteins) that are arranged in 9 TRIPLETS which form a CIRCLE in CROSSECTION.
21. ____________________(structures) are comprised of
_______________(proteins) arranged in 9 PAIRS which form a CIRCLE and ONE
PAIR that is in the middle.
EPITHELIAL FORMS, FUNCTIONS, and PROCESSES
22. ________________________ are found on an epithelial cell's free surface, are about 1µm LONG, are covered with a GLYCOCALYX COAT and contain MICROFILAMENTS that are NOT ORDERED (arranged).
23. ________________________ are found -- HUNDREDS PER CELL -- on an epithelial cell's free surface, are about 5-10 µm LONG, are inserted into BASAL BODIES , and contain MICROTUBULES that are ORDERED (arranged).
24. ________________________ are found -- ONE PER CELL -- on a specific cell's free surface, are MUCH LONGER THAN 10 µm, are inserted into BASAL BODIES , and contain MICROTUBULES that are ORDERED (arranged).
25. ________________________ are found on an epithelial cell's free surface, are about 5-10 µm LONG, are NON-MOTILE, and contain MICROFILAMENTS that are NOT ORDERED (arranged).
26. ________________________ are INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS that form a BAND that ENCIRCLES the diameter of an epithelial cell. T hey also contain a PLAQUE to which attaches ACTIN, MYOSIN, and other cytoskeletal filaments.
27. ________________________ are INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS that form a BAND that ENCIRCLES the diameter of an epithelial cell, which when viewed by FREEZE-FRACTURED specimens forms a NETWORK of RIDGES. These junctions do not have cytoskeletal filament attachments.
28. ________________________ are INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS that form a DISC that can be found in various places between epithelial cells. They are tightly adhered junctions that have PROTEIN CHANNELS for INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION.
29. ________________________ are INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS that form a DISC that can be found in various places between epithelial cells. They also contain a PLAQUE on each side of each cell, to which attaches ACTIN, MYOSIN, and other cytoskeletal filaments.
30. ________________________ are INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS
that form a DISC that can be found in various places between an epithelial
cell and its BASAL LAMINA. They contain a PLAQUE on the cellular side,
to which attaches ACTIN, MYOSIN, and other cytoskeletal filaments.
MULTIPLE CHOICE -- CIRCLE one answer for each question. (2 POINTS EACH)
31. Each of the following statements about general features of epithelia are correct, EXCEPT: A) Epithelia rest on basal lamina B) Epithelia are capable of metaplasy C) Epithelia are avascular D) Epithelia are derived only from ectoderm E) Epithelia are attached to one another by specialized junctions
32. CRITERIA use in naming EPITHELIAL TISSUE TYPES include: A) Shape of cells in the surface (luminal) layer B) Number of epithelial layers C) Presence of cilia D) All of the above E) None of the above
33. SIMPLE BRANCHED TUBULAR GLANDS can be described as: A) Being endocrine glands B) Having a branched duct system C) Having a acinar secretory portion D) Having a branched secretory portion E) None of the above
34. Which of the following characteristics of CARTILAGE distinguishes it from most other connective tissues: A) Its extracellular matrix contains collagen B) Its predominant cell type is a mesnchymal derivative C) Its predominant cell type secretes both fibers and ground substance D) It lacks blood vessels E) ALL OF THE ABOVE distinguish cartilage from other CT
35. Which of the following occurs FIRST in cartilage HISTOGENESIS: A) Appositional growth B) Secretion of matrix C) Formation of mesenchymal condensations D) Interstitial growth E) Differentiation of chondroblasts into chondrocytes
36. FIBROCARTILAGE can be described as: A) Containing large numbers of elastic fibers B) The cartilage found in the epiphyses of long bones in children C) Structurally intermediate between dense CT and cartilage D) Containing mainly TYPE II COLLAGEN E) NONE of the ABOVE are CORRECT
37. Chondrocytes typically synthesize and secrete all
of the following EXCEPT: A) Type I collagen B) Elastin C) Hyaluronic acid
D) Sulfated glycosaminoglycans (e.g., Chondroitin sulphate) E) Proteoglycans
SECTION 1. SHORT ANSWERS. Respond DIRECTLY and SPECIFICALLY to the following
.
38. Describe the FORMS, FUNCTIONS, and RELATIONSHIPS among
the following: LYSOSOMAL VESICLES ==> Residual Body Heterophagosome
Autophagosome Primary Lysosome.
39. The illustration shown below shows the VESICULAR TRANSPORT
SYSTEM. In each of the indicated regions, LIST at least 2 EVENTS that occur
there.
40. COMPARE and CONTRAST the process of PROTEIN SECRETION in a SEROUS (e.g.,
panceatic acinar cell) versus a MUCOUS (e.g, goblet cell) cell with regards
to the following:
1. The specific products secreted 2. The time required
for each event => a) influx of precursors => b) transport to Golgi
=> c) Golgi to exocytosis
41. The GROUND SUBSTANCE of connective tissue is comprised of two major classes of components -- GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS and STRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEINS. Answer the following: ______________________ LIST Three SPECIFIC GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS: ______________________ ______________________
COMPARE and CONTRAST the FUNCTIONS and LOCATIONS of the
two STRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEINS -- LAMININ and FIBRONECTIN
42. DESCRIBE in WORDS, the STRUCTURE and ORGANIZATIONAL
RELATIONSHIPof the following connective tissue elements ==> TROPOCOLLAGEN
PRE-PROCOLLAGEN COLLAGEN FIBER COLLAGEN FIBRIL COLLAGEN BUNDLE
43. Compare and Contrast the FORM, FUNCTION, and LOCATION
of RETICULAR versus ELASTIC FIBERS.
44. Describe the transport and processing of FREE FATTY
ACIDS and GLUCOSE between CAPILLARIES and ADIPOSE CELLS during the process
of lipid deposition.
MATCHING. You may use the potential answers any number of times. Note that for each QUESTION there can be MORE THAN ONE ANSWER.
POTENTIAL ANSWERS: a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple columnar c. Simple cuboidal epithelium d. Stratified squamous (keratinized) e. Stratified squamous (non-keratinized) f. Transitional epithelium g. Pseudostratified cilliated columnar epithelium h. Stratified columnar epithelium i. Stratifed cuboidal epithelium
49. ________. lines the mouth, esophagus, and vagina.
50. ________. lines the skin.
51. ________. lines the body cavities
52. ________. cells in the surface layer are flattened in shaped.
53. ________. cells in the surface layer may change their shape with function.
54. ________. each cell extends from the basal lamina to the lumen.
55. ________. cells in the surface layer possess microvilli.
56. ________. cells in the surface layer possess cilia.
57. ________. lining of conjunctiva and extremely large ducts of glands.
58. ________. covering for ovary and thyroid gland.
MATCHING. You may use the potential answers any number of times. Note that for each QUESTION there can be MORE THAN ONE ANSWER.
POTENTIAL ANSWERS: a.
Lamina propria i.
Lacunae
b.
Perichondrium j.
Volkmann's canals
c.
Periosteum l.
Canaliculi
d.
Osteoblast m.
Haversian canals
e.
Osteoclast n.
Hyaline cartilage
f.
Osteocyte o.
Compact bone
g.
Chondroblast p.
Cancellous bone
h
Chondrocyte
59. ________. dense connective tissue at periphery of cartilage.
60. ________. cells that reside in lacunae.
61. ________. cells that produce mature cartilage matrix
62. ________. cells that produce bone matrix.
63. ________. cells that maintain bone matrix.
64. ________. cells that produce cartilage matrix.
65. ________. cells located at periphery of bone matrix.
66. ________. tissues with vascularized matrix.
67. ________. tissues found in developing long bones.
68. ________. tissues that are lined with periosteum
69. ________. tissues that are lined with endosteum
70. ________. spaces that contain blood vessels.
71. ________. spaces that allow communication between
lamella.
MATCHING. For each QUESTION there is ONLY ONE ANSWER
POTENTIAL ANSWERS: a.
Intramembranous bone formation
b.
Endochondral bone formation
c.
Both A and B
d.
Neither A nor B
72. ________. Often forms flat bones, such as those in the skull.
73. ________. Forms long bones, such as those in the limbs.
74. ________. Replacement of a cartilage model by bone occurs by this process.
75. ________. Periosteal bone collar formation occurs by this process.
76. ________. Involves zones of proliferation, hypertrophy, and calcification.
77. ________. Ultimate origin is from mesenchymal condensation.
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