Ecology of the Mississippi River Delta Region

KEY:
1 = salt marsh
2 = brackish marsh
3 = intermediate marsh
4 = freshwater marsh
5 = swamp
6 = dry or usually dry ground

EMERGENT SPECIES

• Alligatorweed - 4 - Alternanthera philoxeroides
• Waterhyssop - 4 - Bacopa monnieri
• Sticktight (Fouchette) - 4 - Bidens cernua or laevis
• Sedge - 4 - Carex spp.
• Sawgrass - 4 - Cladium jamaicense
• Elephant ear- 4 - Colocasia antiquorum
• Swamp lily - 4 - Crinum americanum
• Walter's millet- 4 - Echinochloa walteri
• Spikerush - 4 - Eleocharis spp.
• Pennywort - 4 - Hydrocotyle spp.
• Spider lily - 4 - Hymenocallis caroliniana
• Zig-zag stemmed iris - 4,5 - Iris brevicaulis
• Copper iris - 4,5 - Iris fulva
• Giant blue iris - 4,5 - Iris giganticaerulea
• Rush - 4 - Juncus spp. (freshwater species)
• Black rush - 1 - Juncus roemericanus
• Primrose- 4,5 - Ludwigia ssp.
• Eurasian watermilfoil- 4 - Myriophyllum spicatum
• American lotus - 4 - Nelumbo lutea
• Spatterdock - 4 - Nuphar advena
• White waterlily - 4 - Nymphaea odorata
• Banana waterlily - 4 - Nymphaea mexicana
• Maidencane (Paille fine)- 4 - Panicum hemitomon
• Arrow arum - 4 - Peltandra virginica
• Roseau (Italian lovers) - 4 - Phragmites communis
• Smartweed - 4 - Polygonum sp.
• Pickerelweed - 4 - Pontederia cordata
• Bulltongue - 4 - Sagittaria lancifolia
• Wapato - 4 - Sagittaria latifolia
• Bullwhip - 4 - Scirpus californicus
• Three-cornered grass- 3,4 - Scirpus olneyi
• Oyster grass (Smooth cordgrass) - 1 - Spartina alterniflora
• Wiregrass - 2,6 - Spartina patens
• Cattail - 3,4 - Typha spp.
• Giant cutgrass - 4 - Zizaniopsis miliacea

• Fanwort - 4 - Cabomba caroliniana
• Coontail - 4 - Ceratophyllum demersum
• Widgeongrass - 2 - Ruppia maritima
• Common bladderwort - 4 -Utricularia vulgaris

• Mosquito fern - 4,5 - Azolla carolinensis
• Water hyacinth - 4,5 - Eichhornia crassipes
• Duckweed - 4,5 - Lemna spp.
• Common frogbit - 4,5 - Limnobium spongia
• Floating waterprimrose- 4 - Ludwigia peploides
• Water spangle - 4,5 - Salvinia minima

• Swamp Red Maple - 6 - Acer rubrum var. drummondii
• Giant ragweed - 6 - Ambrosia trifida
• Broomsedge - 6 - Andropogon glomeratus
• Aster - 6 - Aster spp.
• Black Mangrove - 1,6 - Avicennia nitida
• Groundsel - 6 - Baccharis halimifolia
• Saltwort - 1,6 - Batis maritima
• Sea ox-eye - 1,6 - Borrichia frutescens
• Hackberry - 6 - Celtis laevigata
• Buttonbush - 4,5,6 - Cephalanthus occidentalis
• Dodder - 6 - Cuscuta indecora
• Fragrant flatsedge- 4,6 - Cyperus ordoratus
• White-topped sedge- 4,6 - Dichromena colorata
• Salt grass - 6 - Distichlis spicata
• Wild ageratum - 6 - Eupatorium coelestinum
• Wooly rosemallow - 6 - Hibiscus lasiocarpos
• Marshelder - 6 - Iva frutescens
• Saltmarsh mallow - 6 - Kosteletzkya virginica
• Primrose-willow - 6 - Ludwigia leptocarpa
• Waxmyrtle - 6 - Myrica cerifera
• Tupelo gum - 5 - Nyssa aquatica
• Royal fern - 4,5,6 - Osmunda regalis
• Torpedo grass - 4,6 - Panicum repens
• Camphorweed - 6 - Pluchea camphorata
• Eastern cottonwood - 6 - Populus deltoides
• Water oak - 6 - Quercus nigra
• Live oak - 6 - Quercus virginiana
• Black/dewberry - 6 - Rubus spp.
• Palmetto - 5,6 - Sabal minor
• Glasswort - 1,6 - Salicornia spp.
• Black willow - 6 - Salix nigra
• Common elderberry - 6 - Sambucus canadensis
• Chinese tallow - 6 - Sapium sebiferum
• Rattlebox - 4,6 - Sesbania drummondii
• Sea purslane - 6 - Sesuvium portulacastrum
• Giant foxtail - 6 - Setaria magna
• Seaside goldenrod - 6 - Solidago sempervirens
• Hogcane (big cordgrass)- 6- Spartina cynosuroides
• Wiregrass - 2,6 - Spartina patens
• Bald Cypress - 5 - Taxodium distichum
• Marsh fern - 6 - Thelypteris palustris
• American elm - 6 - Ulmus americana
• Slippery elm - 6 - Ulmus rubra
• Toothache tree (Hercules-club)- 6 - Zanthoxylum clava-herculis

• Peppervine - 6 - Amelopsis arborea
• Railroad vine - 6 - Ipomoea pes-capre
• Marsh morning-glory - 6 - Ipomoea sagittata
• Beach morning-glory - 6 - Ipomoea stolonifera
• Greenbriar - 6 - Smilax spp.
• Deerpea - 4,6 - Vigna luteola

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